She was the daughter of one of his older brothers Aristobulus and they were only 5 years apart in age. [4] The wife of Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee in the first century ad, during the ministry of John the Baptist and Jesus. Should she request a splendid palace or a portion of the royal treasury? Yes, he swore to her: "Whatever you ask me for, I will give it to you, up to half my kingdom." Prompted by her mother, Salome asked for John’s head on a platter, a wish the reluctant Herod was bound to fulfill. And untrue. I told you the web tangles pretty quickly! Gutschmid, in Schurer, I. Although this deeply grieved him, the king did not want to disregard her request, because of his oaths and his guests. Herodias, [N] [E] daughter of Aristobulus, one of the sons of Mariamne and Herod the Great, and consequently sister of Agrippa I. In the finale, Salome takes up John's severed head and kisses it. Salome, (flourished 1st century ce), according to the Jewish historian Josephus, the daughter of Herodias and stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, tetrarch (ruler appointed by Rome) of Galilee, a region in Palestine. She also appeared in film, for instance in a 1953 Salome movie starring Rita Hayworth in the title role. [25], The Wilde play (in a German translation by Hedwig Lachmann) was edited down to a one-act opera by Richard Strauss. And his head was brought in a dish: and it was given to the damsel, and she brought it to her mother. In the New Testament she is mentioned as the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, demanding and receiving the head of John the Baptist. She was the daughter of Herodias, who had married Herod Antipas. But when Herod’s birthday came, the daughter of Herodias danced before them and pleased Herod, Mark 6:22 and when the daughter of Herodias herself came in and danced, she pleased Herod and his dinner guests; and the king said to the girl, “Ask me for whatever you want and I will give it to you.” Salome (Herodias’ daughter by her first husband) performed a dance that so pleased Herod that he offered to grant any wish she expressed. She could not now be less than seventeen or eighteen years old (cf. Salome, (flourished 1st century ce), according to the Jewish historian Josephus, the daughter of Herodias and stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, tetrarch (ruler appointed by Rome) of Galilee, a region in Palestine. – discuss] Danish choreographer Flemming Flindt's ballet Salome with music by Peter Maxwell Davies premiered in 1978. Herod has a birthday and with it came a great banquet and celebration. [11], The story of her dance before Herod with the head of John the Baptist on a silver platter led medieval Christian artists to depict her as the personification of the lascivious woman, a temptress who lures men away from salvation. Salome is commonly identified with the daughter of Herodias who, according to the New Testament (Mark 6:21–29 and Matthew 14:3–11), danced for Herod. In Moreau's version (illustration) the figure of Salome is emblematic of the femme fatale, a fashionable trope of fin-de-siecle decadence. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. An occasion happens that Herodias and Phillip were entertaining Herod Antiphas and Herod Antiphas falls in love with his brothers wife. After Salome danced before Herod and his guests at a festival, he promised to give her whatever she asked. 14:1-12; Mark 6:1-29). Oscar Wilde’s one-act play Salomé (published 1893; first performed 1896) was translated by Hedwig Lachmann as the libretto for Richard Strauss’s one-act opera of the same name (first produced 1905), in which Herod is portrayed as lusting after Salome, while Salome, in her turn, desires John the Baptist; she finally satisfies her corrupt wishes by kissing the lips of the severed head of John, who had spurned her. It is hard to imagine that Herod was so impressed by her footwork or enamored of … In paintings and movies, Herodias is always portrayed as an ugly, over-painted older woman with a lecherous husband. [19], In 1877 Gustave Flaubert's Three Tales were published, including "Herodias". Omissions? Painters who have done notable representations of Salome include Masolino da Panicale, Filippo Lippi, Benozzo Gozzoli, Leonardo da Vinci followers Andrea Solario and Bernardino Luini, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Titian, Caravaggio, Guido Reni, Fabritius, Henri Regnault, Georges Rochegrosse, Gustave Moreau, Lovis Corinth and Federico Beltran-Masses. She is not to be confused with Salome, sister of Herod I the Great. At Herod's birthday feast, Herodias induced her daughter Salome, whose dancing had so charmed the tetrarch, to ask as her reward the head of John the Baptist on a charger. So he went off and beheaded him in the prison and brought his head on a platter. In his Jewish Antiquities, Josephus mentions marriages and children of the daughter of Herodias named Salome. For other uses, see. The daughter is not named in the scriptures, but historical writers of the day give her name as Salome. The king said to the girl: "Ask me for whatever you want, and I will give it to you." Salome is commonly identified with the daughter of Herodias who, according to the New Testament (Mark 6:21–29 and Matthew 14:3–11), danced for Herod. Yes, gross I know but she marries her uncle. She was a Jewish princess and the ruler of Galilee. Steven Berkoff filmed his stage version of the play in 1992. She consented to leave her husband and become his wife. The daughter of Herodias; i.e. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Jairus’ daughter is identified as a korasion in Matthew 9:24 & 25 and Mark 5:41 & 42. It was premiered on 30 October 1908 at the Grand Théâtre at Lyon. [2], A convenient day arrived when Herod spread an evening meal on his birthday for his high officials and the military commanders and the most prominent men of Galilee. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In Wilde's play, Salome takes a perverse fancy for John the Baptist, and causes him to be executed when John spurns her affections. The opera Salome, which premiered in Dresden in 1905, is famous for the Dance of the Seven Veils. This biblical story has long been a favorite of painters. Salome became a popular figure in art, especially during the Renaissance (such as in the work of Masolino da Panicale). Oscar Wilde's eponymous play, and its subsequent setting by Richard Strauss, are among the literary and musical realisations which endeavoured to portray her. Unlike Salome who goes nameless in the Christian bible, Judith is a Judeo-Christian mythical patriot whose story is perhaps less psychological and as she was a widow, may not be particularly girlish nor innocent in representations.[17]. [35], This article is about the daughter of Herodias. Herodias’ daughter dances for Herod and all of his guests. 6:22-23). Salome herself is shown as a young girl who forgets the name of the man whose head she requests as she is asking for it. The head of John the Baptist was granted at the request of Herodias. During a party that Antipas was hosting, the daughter danced for him and his guests. Although pieces of Herodias’ story is found in several Gospel accounts Mark … Salome was the daughter of Herodias and one of Herod the Great’s sons Philip. Her mother Herodias and another of Herod’s sons Antipas committed adultery and divorced their spouses and were married in c. 27 AD. Herod, son of Herod the Great and Mariamne, first husband of Herodias: Herod Philip (I), a.k.a. So, he called for the daughter of his wife, who was named Herodias. [citation needed][relevant? [32], Salome poetry was also written by, among others, Ai (1986), Nick Cave (1988), and Carol Ann Duffy (1999). Go to People in the Bible or Women in the Bible. According to Mark 6:21–29 a daughter of Herodias danced before Herod at his birthday celebration, and in doing so gave her mother the opportunity to obtain the head of John the Baptist. Aristibulus has a daughter named Herodias! She was twelve years old (Mark 5:42; Luke 8:42). Corrections? 14:8; Mk. Herodias, daughter of Go to People in the Bible or Women in the Bible The daughter of Herodias is not named in the Bible. [2][6], Herodias's daughter is arguably not Salome the disciple, who is a witness to the Crucifixion of Jesus in Mark 15:40. - Wycliffe Bible and the daughter of that Herodias having come in, and having danced, and having pleased Herod and those reclining (at meat) with him, the king said to the damsel, `Ask of me whatever thou wilt, and I will give to thee,' - Youngs Literal Bible. [7] However, the apocryphal Book of the Resurrection of Christ, pseudonymically attributed to the apostle Bartholomew, names a "Salome the temptress" as among the women who went to the empty tomb; perhaps reflecting an early tradition that Salome, the daughter of Herodias, was at the tomb.[8]. [18], Salome appears as a character in Alessandro Stradella's oratorio S. Giovanni Battista [scores] (St. John the Baptist), composed in 1676, which includes "Queste lagrime e sospiri", an aria sung by the Salome character. Her mother was Herodias, King Herod’s grand-daughter (at the time it was considered normal for royals to marry close relatives). The prophet’s head was brought to the daughter of Herodias, who gave it to her mother (verse 11). 3, note). Herod obliged. Her dancing so pleases him, that Herod does something very foolish. Ever the good daughter, Salome hastened to her mother for advice. Salome was the daughter of Herod Philip and Herodias. 14:3-11; Mark 6:17-28; Luke 3:19), the daughter of Aristobulus and Bernice. Philip, tetrarch of (Ituraea and) Trachonitis, son of Herod (the Great), first husband of Salome: Aristobulus, son of Herod (of Chalcis), second husband of Salome: Herod, brother of (Herod) Agrippa, father of Aristobulus (of Chalcis): "Biscuits For Cerberus" Track:"Bring Me The Head Of John The Baptist", Tiny Dog Records 2006, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Salome and the Apparition of the Baptist's Head, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, "Meaning, origin and history of the name Salome", Ancient Jewish Coins: The Coins of Herod's Grandchildren (37–96 CE), "Associates for Biblical Research – Home", "Flemming Flindt, Danish Dancer and Choreographer, Dies at 72", "SF Ballet's 'Salome' erotic, repellent and fascinating", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salome&oldid=1005941659, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Pages with numeric Bible version references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, All articles that may have off-topic sections, Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from August 2017, Articles needing additional references from August 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 05:03. And the king was struck sad: yet because of his oath, and for them that sat with him at table, he commanded it to be given. 6:24). [13] Bryant G. Wood Ph.D supplies a quote from David Flusser, a leading expert[citation needed] on early Christianity, that her "biographical profile suggests a normal, moral personality". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Salome was also strikingly portrayed by the 19th-century artists Gustave Moreau and Aubrey Beardsley. ! Taking the jest seriously, the hopelessly infatuated Salome lets herself be beheaded and her head is duly brought to the sophist, who however rejects it in disgust and turns back to studying the Dialogues of Plato. [citation needed], The 1934 fantasy novella A Witch Shall Be Born by Robert E. Howard, one of the Conan the Barbarian cycle, features an evil prehistorical witch named Salome, and it is clearly implied that she was an earlier incarnation of the New Testament character of the same name. When Herod Antipas offered to fulfill a request after she danced for him, Herodias, Salome’s mother, urged her to ask for the head of John the Baptist, who had opposed Herodias’s marriage to Herod. (Salome is not actually named in the New Testament. Salome was Herodias’s daughter through Philip. The parallel passage in the Gospel of Matthew (14:6–11): But on Herod's birthday, the daughter of Herodias danced before them: and pleased Herod. Learn more about Herodias from the Easton’s Bible Dictionary (Matt. Herodias was one of the Bible’s most famous villainesses. Herodias first marries Phillip. Other elements of Christian tradition concentrate on her lighthearted and cold foolishness that, according to the gospels, led to John the Baptist's death. Salome is known in the Christian Gospels for her role in the execution of John the Baptist. When Herodias came to live with Herod Antipas, Salome … Nevertheless, because she is otherwise unnamed in the Bible, the idea that both mother and daughter were named Herodias gained some currency in early modern Europe. (See Matt. In this story full responsibility for John's death is given to Salome's mother Herodias and the priests who fear his religious power. P (1974), John Cale (1978), Kim Wilde (1984), U2 (1990), Andrew Lloyd Webber (1993), Liz Phair (1993), Kurt Elling (1995), Susan McKeown (1995), Mark St. John Ellis as Elijah's Mantle (1995), Old 97's (1997), The Changelings (1997), Loudovikos ton Anogeion (1997), The Residents (1998), Enrique Bunbury (1998), Chayanne (1999), Patti Smith (2000), Killing Miranda (2001), Gary Jules' "Pills" (2001), The Booda Velvets (2001), Stormwitch (2004), Flipron (2006),[33] Xandria (2007), Pete Doherty (2009), Saltatio Mortis (2009), 9GOATS BLACK OUT (2009), Justin Vivian Bond (2011), Regina Spektor and Kaya (2012), Behemoth (2014), Wovenhand (2014), Marriages (2015), and Jarvis Cocker (2017). Herod Antipus, Philip’s brother, visits Philip and Herodias in Rome. But she being instructed before by her mother, said: Give me here in a dish the head of John the Baptist. Prompted by her mother, Herodias, who was infuriated by John’s condemnation of her marriage, the girl demanded the head of John the Baptist on a platter, and the unwilling Herod was forced by his oath to have John beheaded. Herodias and her Daughter: “Prompted by Her Mother” We continue today our sermon miniseries through key women of the Bible, and we come again to some of the infamous women. This opera was revived only in 2005 at the Montpellier Festival. Jules Massenet's 1881 opera Hérodiade was based on Flaubert's short story. [14] Nevertheless, a similar motif was struck by Oscar Wilde in his Salome, in which she plays a femme fatale. As with the Wilde play, it turns the action to Salome herself, reducing her mother to a bit-player, though the opera is less centered on Herod's motivations than the play. Herodias was a granddaughter of Herod the Great. Her second husband (compare above) was Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea (circa 4-39 ad), son of Herod the Great by Malthace. Herodias was daughter of Aristobulus, son of Herod the Great, by Mariamne, daughter of Hyrcanus. Herodias was daughter of Aristobulus, son of Herod the Great, by Mariamne, daughter of Hyrcanus. Wilde's Salome has often been made into a film, notably a 1923 silent film, Salome, starring Alla Nazimova in the title role and a 1988 Ken Russell play-within-a-film treatment, Salome's Last Dance, which also includes Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas as characters. When Salome presents to him the Baptist's head, the sophist rejects it, remarking in jest "Dear Salome, I would have liked better to get your own head". She first married Herod Philip I.; then she eloped from him to marry Herod Antipas her step-uncle. Herodias’ story in the Bible is brief, but it packs a killer punch. [12], Christian traditions depict her as an icon of dangerous female seductiveness, notably in regard to the dance mentioned in the New Testament, which is thought to have had an erotic element to it, and in some later transformations it has further been iconized as the Dance of the Seven Veils. This parallel representation of the Christian iconography, made even more memorable by Richard Strauss' opera based on Wilde's work, is as consistent with Josephus' account as the traditional Christian depiction; however, according to the Romanized Jewish historian, Salome lived long enough to marry twice and raise several children. Although the New Testament accounts do not mention a name for the girl, this daughter of Herodias is often identified with Salome. While there he decides he no longer wants his Arabian wife and takes Herodias instead. She has a daughter, Salome. In Biblical literature she is remembered as the immediate agent in the execution of John the Baptist. Historical accounts connect her … [31], In "Salome" (1896) by the Greek poet Constantine Cavafy, Salome instigated the death of John the Baptist as part of a futile effort to get the interest of "a young sophist who was indifferent to the charms of love". Josephus says that this marriage of Herod Antipas with Herodias took place while he was on a journey to Rome. She is also featured in the art of Gustave Moreau and Aubrey Beardsley. Salome was the daughter of Herod Philip (son of Herod the Great and Cleopatra of Jerusalem) and of Herodias. Songs about Salome have been written by, among others, Archibald Joyce (1907, 1912), Tommy Duncan (1952), Karel Kryl (1965), Drs. [citation needed], A 1989 album entitled Salome Dances for Peace by the string quartet Kronos Quartet. According to Josephus, she was first married to her uncle Philip the Tetrarch, after whose death (AD 34), she married her cousin Aristobulus of Chalcis, thus becoming queen of Chalcis and Armenia Minor. [22], Salomé's story was made the subject of a Symbolist play by Oscar Wilde that was first banned in London in 1892 while rehearsals were underway, and that subsequently premiered in Paris in 1896, under the French name Salomé. The gospel story of her dance at the birthday celebration of her stepfather, who had John the Baptist beheaded at her request, inspired art, literature and music over an extended period of time. [4], Some ancient Greek versions of Mark read "Herod's daughter Herodias" (rather than "daughter of the said Herodias"). Herod Antipus was thus the step-brother of Aristobulus, father of Herodias. [citation needed] Another Salome ballet was composed by the Japanese composer Akira Ifukube in 1948. Updates? She was the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, who executed John the Baptist at Salome’s request after she pleased Herod by dancing at his birthday feast. Hence, Salome has become an erotic symbol in art, and it is likely that it is her provocative “Dance of the Seven Veils” in the Strauss opera that most people connect with her name, although no such dance is mentioned in the Bible. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. When the daughter of Herodias came in and danced, she pleased Herod and his dinner guests. Salome took the platter with John’s head and gave it to her mother. Herodias’ Story. Thus, Salome was the daughter (and grandniece) of Philip and the step-daughter (and grandniece by marriage) of Herod; she was also both daughter and grandniece to her own mother. The daughter of Herodias came in and danced, pleasing Herod and those dining with him. Unfair. Salome is mentioned as a stepdaughter of Herod Antipas in Josephus's Jewish Antiquities (Book XVIII, Chapter 5, 4): Herodias, [...], was married to Herod,[a] the son of Herod the Great, who was born of Mariamne, the daughter of Simon the high priest, who had a daughter, Salome; after whose birth Herodias took upon her to confound the laws of our country, and divorced herself from her husband while he was alive, and was married to Herod, her husband's brother by the father's side, he was tetrarch of Galilee; but her daughter Salome was married to Philip,[b] the son of Herod, and tetrarch of Trachonitis; and as he died childless, Aristobulus,[c] the son of Herod,[d] the brother of Agrippa, married her; they had three sons, Herod, Agrippa, and Aristobulus;[9], According to William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities:[10], A few coins with portraits of Aristobulus and Salome have been found. Salome, daughter of Herod Philip and Herodias; she afterwards married her half uncle, Philip the tetrarch (ver. Few literary accounts elaborate the biographical data given by Josephus. Herodias and Herod Antipas married for love, defying the people who pointed out that their marriage was incestuous. Through Herod II, Herodias had a daughter named Salome. So Herodias bore a grudge against John and wanted to kill him, but without Herod’s approval, she was powerless.” Herodias arranged an elaborate birthday party in Herod’s honour and asked her daughter, Salome, to perform before Herod and his guests. "And when Herodias' daughter herself came in and danced, and pleased Herod and those who sat with him, the king said to the girl, 'Ask me whatever you want, and I will give it to you'" (Mark 6:22). She used her daughter as both a tool and a weapon to further her own agenda. [2] And we are given her age. 2:28), so, in the East, could only … 14:7; Mk. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Herodias. While residing at Rome with her husband Herod Philip I. and her daughter, Herod Antipas fell in with her during one of his journeys to that city. Through dream analysis and active imagination, she is seen as the "daughter of Elijah": a non-historical but rather metaphysical and symbolic relationship between Pleasure/Salome and Elijah/Forethinking where one cannot act without properly function without the other[21], Through interactions with Salome, Jung learns of how he neglected the emotional feeling side of his personality and the difficulties of accepting that part of himself that he suppressed. Salome (/səˈloʊmiː/; Greek: Σαλώμη; Hebrew: שלומית, Shlomit, related to שָׁלוֹם: shalom,"peace";[1] 10s–60s AD[not verified in body]), the daughter of Herod II and Herodias, granddaughter of Herod the Great, is known from accounts in the New Testament, where she appears as an unnamed daughter of Herodias, and an account by Flavius Josephus, where the daughter of Herodias is named Salome.
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