Many of the Earth's deserts lie near the average latitude of the subtropical ridge, where descent reduces the relative humidity of the air mass. [51] Cool winds accelerating through mountain gaps have been given regional names. According to legend, he was present at the creation of the world and first let the winds out of his bag to clear the world of mist. The term is first known to have been used as the name of a pair or series of typhoons that are said to have saved Japan from two Mongol fleets under Kublai Khan that attacked Japan in 1274 and again in 1281. [153] Planets require large magnetic fields in order to reduce the ionization of their upper atmosphere by the solar wind. Find wind, wave and weather forecast for over 45000 locations on Windfinder. [53] Winds that flow over mountains down into lower elevations are known as downslope winds. The westerlies can be particularly strong, especially in the southern hemisphere, where there is less land in the middle latitudes to cause the flow pattern to amplify, which slows the winds down. [13] India typically reports winds over a 3‑minute average. It is a calculation relating to the effective force of the wind at a particular location, frequently expressed in terms of the elevation above ground level over a period of time. [15] A short burst of high speed wind is termed a wind gust, one technical definition of a wind gust is: the maxima that exceed the lowest wind speed measured during a ten-minute time interval by 10 knots (5 m/s) for periods of seconds. [150] Additionally, planets with hotter lower atmospheres could accelerate the loss rate of hydrogen. Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale. During strong thunderstorms, straight line wind speeds can exceed 100 mph. Nowadays, a yardstick used to determine the best locations for wind energy development is referred to as wind power density (WPD). In areas where there is rugged topography that significantly interrupts the environmental wind flow, the wind circulation between mountains and valleys is the most important contributor to the prevailing winds. Historically, the Beaufort wind force scale (created by Beaufort) provides an empirical description of wind speed based on observed sea conditions. The term was first used in English in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area. [8] At airports, windsocks indicate wind direction, and can also be used to estimate wind speed by the angle of hang. The trade winds (also called trades) are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics towards the Earth's equator. In competition on the wind energy market, one thing above all counts: lowest generation costs – Cost of Energy (CoE). Long-duration winds have various names associated with their average strength, such as breeze, gale, storm, and hurricane. Wind has a very important role in aiding plants and other immobile organisms in dispersal of seeds, spores, pollen, etc. There are two main effects. When the temperature onshore cools below the temperature offshore, the pressure over the water will be lower than that of the land, establishing a land breeze, as long as an onshore wind is not strong enough to oppose it. [114] Similar dust plumes originate in the Gobi Desert, which combined with pollutants, spread large distances downwind, or eastward, into North America. Wind affects animals' food stores, as well as their hunting and defensive strategies. [158] Other Martian winds have resulted in cleaning events and dust devils. Infrequent wind gusts can cause poorly designed suspension bridges to sway. [57] In California, downslope winds are funneled through mountain passes, which intensify their effect, and examples include the Santa Ana and sundowner winds. Find more ways to say wind, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Wind power generation plays an increasingly important role in the way we power our world – in a clean, sustainable manner. Wind turbines allow us to harness the power of the wind and turn it into energy. Areas of wind shear caused by various weather phenomena can lead to dangerous situations for aircraft. [79], Kamikaze (神風) is a Japanese word, usually translated as divine wind, believed to be a gift from the gods. Originally it was a 13-level scale (0-12), but during the 1940s, the scale was expanded to 18 levels (0-17). Isotachs are particularly useful in diagnosing the location of the jet stream on upper-level constant pressure charts, and are usually located at or above the 300 hPa level.[26]. High winds are known to cause damage, depending upon the magnitude of their velocity and pressure differential. [30] The trade winds act as the steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over the world's oceans. Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). Strong winds of intermediate duration (around one minute) are termed squalls. Erosion can be the result of material movement by the wind. [3] The thermal wind is the difference in the geostrophic wind between two levels in the atmosphere. [16] Alternatively, movement of the parent weather balloon position can be tracked from the ground visually using theodolites. Cognate with Dutch wind, German Wind, West Frisian … Moisture is removed by orographic lift, leaving drier air on the descending and generally warming, leeward side where a rain shadow is observed. Winds can disperse seeds from various plants, enabling the survival and dispersal of those plant species, as well as flying insect populations. The winds are predominantly from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere. The larger the WPD calculation, the higher it is rated by class. On a rotating planet, air will also be deflected by the Coriolis effect, except exactly on the equator. Wind dispersal can take on one of two primary forms: seeds can float on the breeze or alternatively, they can flutter to the ground. Cloud Formation Processes", "Foehn Winds That Produced Large Temperature Differences near the Southern Appalachian Mountains", "On High Winds and Foehn Warming Associated with Mountain-Wave Events in the Western Foothills of the Southern Appalachian Mountains", "Unexpected Warming Induced by Foehn Winds in the Lee of the Smoky Mountains", 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0907:UWIBFW>2.0.CO;2, "120 Gigawatt of wind turbines globally contribute to secure electricity generation", "From AC to DC: Going green with supergrids", http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/REN12-GSR2015_Onlinebook_low1.pdf, "FAA Advisory Circular Pilot Wind Shear Guide via the Internet Wayback Machine", National Aeronautic and Space Administration, Ground Plane Wind Shear Interaction on Acoustic Transmission, "Great Historical Events That Were Significantly Affected by the Weather: 7, "Protestant Wind"—"Popish Wind": The Revolusion of 1688 in England", 10.1175/1520-0477(1985)066<0634:GHETWS>2.0.CO;2, "Boat made of plastic bottles to make ocean voyage", "Relative Velocities: Aircraft Reference", "Emergency Tillage to Control Wind Erosion", "Robotic Observations of Dust Storm Enhancement of Carbon Biomass in the North Pacific", "Microbes And The Dust They Ride In On Pose Potential Health Risks", "Study Says African Dust Affects Climate in U.S., Caribbean", "Table of Contents: Wind Climatology of the Winter Shamal", "Wind-Conditioned 20th Century Decline of Birch Treeline Vegetation in the Swedish Scandes", ARS Studies Effect of Wind Sandblasting on Cotton Plants / January 26, 2010 / News from the USDA Agricultural Research Service, "ARS Studies Effect of Wind Sandblasting on Cotton Plants", "Birds migrate together at night in dispersed flocks, new study indicates", "BIO 554/754 Ornithology Lecture Notes 2 – Bird Flight I", "P5A.6 Fine-Scale Vertical Structure of a Cold Front As Revealed By Airborne 95 GHZ Radar", "Contamination of WSR-88D VAD Winds Due to Bird Migration: A Case Study", 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2403:WAPNSA]2.0.CO;2, "How to Minimize Wind Damage in the South Florida Garden", "Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Information", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Info note No.58 — World Record Wind Gust: 408 km/h", "Chandra Finds Fastest Winds from Stellar Black Hole", "Atmospheric Escape Hot Jupiters & Interactions Between Planetary and Stellar Winds", "Geomagnetic Storms Can Threaten Electric Power Grid", National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "Cloud-tracked winds from Pioneer Venus OCPP images", 10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2053:CTWFVO>2.0.CO;2, "Mars Rovers Spot Water-Clue Mineral, Frost, Clouds", NASA – NASA Mars Rover Churns Up Questions With Sulfur-Rich Soil, "Uranus in 2003: Zonal winds, banded structure, and discrete features", Convective available potential energy (CAPE), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind&oldid=1006368488, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? [44] Because of the low sun angle, cold air builds up and subsides at the pole creating surface high-pressure areas, forcing an equatorward outflow of air;[45] that outflow is deflected westward by the Coriolis effect. And these, in turn, require highly efficient wind turbines that run smoothly and without disruption. With Kelsey Asbille, Jeremy Renner, Julia Jones, Teo Briones. Climbing the mountain, never coming down. In Europe downwind of the Alps, they are known as foehn. The wind is also an important means of transportation for seeds and small birds; with time things can travel thousands of miles in the wind. The largest nuclear explosion (50–58 megatons at an altitude of about 13,000 feet (4,000 m)) generated a 20 bar blast pressure at ground zero, which is similar to a wind gust of 3,100 miles per hour (5,000 km/h). [1][2], Winds defined by an equilibrium of physical forces are used in the decomposition and analysis of wind profiles. The United States reports winds over a 1‑minute average for tropical cyclones,[12] and a 2‑minute average within weather observations. The pilot must adjust the airspeed to deal with the effect of the gradient. A daily challenge for crossword fanatics. Except for rotor ships using the Magnus effect, every sailing ship has a hull, rigging and at least one mast to hold up the sails that use the wind to power the ship. In 2019, MidAmerican added more new wind capacity than any other company. [95] The velocity of surface wind is generally the primary factor governing the direction of flight operations at an airport, and airfield runways are aligned to account for the common wind direction(s) of the local area. The fastest wind ever recorded is coming from the accretion disc of the IGR J17091-3624 black hole. United States; 9.2mphN New York. [50] Wind direction also changes because of the contour of the land. Each full flag depicts 10 knots (19 km/h) of wind. The wind chill calculator only works for temperatures at or below 50 ° F and wind speeds above 3 mph. Orographic precipitation occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large-scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, also known as upslope flow, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation. Wind gradient can have a noticeable effect on ground launches, also known as winch launches or wire launches. As the glider descends through the wind gradient on final approach to landing, airspeed decreases while sink rate increases, and there is insufficient time to accelerate prior to ground contact. [14] Knowing the wind sampling average is important, as the value of a one-minute sustained wind is typically 14% greater than a ten-minute sustained wind. Second, these suspended particles may impact on solid objects causing erosion by abrasion (ecological succession). Wind engineering describes the study of the effects of the wind on the built environment, including buildings, bridges and other man-made objects. The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis effect). Its presence negatively impacts air quality by adding to the count of airborne particulates. Wind energy is the kinetic energy of the air in motion. Examples of these parts are balconies, ventilation openings, roof openings or cables. [7] Weather vanes pivot to indicate the direction of the wind. Further insufficiencies, such as rotor blade friction and drag, gearbox losses, generator and converter losses, reduce the power delivered by a wind turbine. High altitude wind power is the focus of over 30 companies worldwide using tethered technology rather than ground-hugging compressive-towers. Our wind development helps maintain affordable rates and has made Iowa a wind energy leader. [122], Wind also limits tree growth. [142] Hurricane-force winds cause substantial damage to mobile homes, and begin to structurally damage homes with foundations. Worldwide animated weather map, with easy to use layers and precise spot forecast. One study indicates that an entirely renewable energy supply based on 70% wind is attainable at today's power prices by linking wind farms with an HVDC supergrid. Sustained wind speeds are reported globally at a 10 meters (33 ft) height and are averaged over a 10‑minute time frame. [67], Wind shear itself is a microscale meteorological phenomenon occurring over a very small distance, but it can be associated with mesoscale or synoptic scale weather features such as squall lines and cold fronts. Unlike the Westerlies, these prevailing winds blow from the east to the west, and are often weak and irregular. Kansas Wind Energy Project, Affiliated Atlantic & Western Group Inc, 5250 W 94th Terrace, Prairie Village, Kansas 66207, Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers, "Where do winds come from? [137] Increases in wind above 15 kilometers per hour (9.3 mph) signals glaucous gulls to increase their foraging and aerial attacks on thick-billed murres.[138]. If the wind is blowing harder, it may produce howling sounds of varying frequencies. While taking off with a tailwind may be necessary under certain circumstances, a headwind is generally desirable. [129] Although penguins use both a layer of fat and feathers to help guard against coldness in both water and air, their flippers and feet are less immune to the cold. An example is the formation of sand dunes, on a beach or in a desert. wind A popular term for the result of air swallowing by greedy babies. The wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure. [159][160] On Jupiter, wind speeds of 100 meters per second (220 mph) are common in zonal jet streams. before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a, 15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 2, before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a, 14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4, 1586, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1, Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German wint wind, Latin ventus, Greek aēnai to blow, Sanskrit vāti it blows, Middle English, from Old English windan to twist, move with speed or force, brandish; akin to Old High German wintan to wind, Umbrian ohavendu let him turn aside. Windup definition is - the act of bringing to an end. What made you want to look up wind? Directly under the subtropical ridge are the doldrums, or horse latitudes, where winds are lighter. Well-constructed and whole frame houses completely leveled; some frame homes may be swept away; cars and other large objects thrown and small missiles generated. [98] The first practical windmills were later built in Sistan, Afghanistan, from the 7th century CE. The nation's wind supply is abundant and inexhaustible. A relation between the input and output wind velocity must be considered. [134], Pikas use a wall of pebbles to store dry plants and grasses for the winter in order to protect the food from being blown away. b. The pilot must anticipate the wind gradient and use a higher approach speed to compensate for it.[104]. Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. Winds are depicted as blowing from the direction the barb is facing. In Java, the local name for such winds is koembang. Define wind. Winds are commonly classified by their spatial scale, their speed, the types of forces that cause them, the regions in which they occur, and their effect. Wind definition is - a natural movement of air of any velocity; especially : the earth's air or the gas surrounding a planet in natural motion horizontally. wind definition: 1. a current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt: 2…. Wildfires are fanned by these winds and often follow the air currents over hills and through valleys. [127] After a period of four weeks, the growth of the seedling once again became uniform throughout the plant, as it was before the windblown sand abrasion occurred. [151] Other phenomena caused by the solar wind include geomagnetic storms that can knock out power grids on Earth,[154] the aurorae such as the Northern Lights,[155] and the plasma tails of comets that always point away from the sun. ©Wind Tre S.p.A. - Partita IVA: 13378520152 Questo sito usa cookies anche di terzi , per migliorare l’esperienza di navigazione e adeguare la pubblicità alle tue preferenze. This page was last edited on 12 February 2021, at 14:32. These were vertical-axle windmills, which had long vertical driveshafts with rectangle shaped blades. For example, a northerly wind blows from the north to the south. [86] During the North African Campaign of the World War II, "allied and German troops were several times forced to halt in mid-battle because of sandstorms caused by khamsin ... Grains of sand whirled by the wind blinded the soldiers and created electrical disturbances that rendered compasses useless. These prevailing winds blow from the west to the east,[37][38] and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner.
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